@article {pmid11650510,
year = {1981},
author = {Albin, RS},
title = {Sociobiology: its implications for the humanities.},
journal = {Humanities report},
volume = {3},
number = {8},
pages = {4-8},
pmid = {11650510},
issn = {0190-2180},
mesh = {Altruism ; *Biology ; *Ethics ; *Humanities ; Humans ; *Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Interprofessional Relations ; Religion ; Social Sciences ; *Sociobiology ; Theology ; },
}

Altruism
*Biology
*Ethics
*Humanities
Humans
*Interdisciplinary Communication
*Interprofessional Relations
Religion
Social Sciences
*Sociobiology
Theology

@article {pmid11651103,
year = {1990},
author = {Pellegrino, ED},
title = {Science and theology: from a medical perspective.},
journal = {The Linacre quarterly},
volume = {57},
number = {4},
pages = {19-35},
doi = {10.1080/00243639.1990.11878078},
pmid = {11651103},
issn = {0024-3639},
mesh = {*Bioethics ; Biology ; Christianity ; *Ethics, Medical ; Goals ; Health ; Human Characteristics ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Interprofessional Relations ; *Medicine ; Moral Obligations ; Philosophy ; *Physician's Role ; Physician-Patient Relations ; *Religion ; *Science ; Social Responsibility ; Sociobiology ; *Theology ; },
}

*Bioethics
Biology
Christianity
*Ethics, Medical
Goals
Health
Human Characteristics
Humans
Interdisciplinary Communication
Interprofessional Relations
*Medicine
Moral Obligations
Philosophy
*Physician's Role
Physician-Patient Relations
*Religion
*Science
Social Responsibility
Sociobiology
*Theology

@article {pmid11653029,
year = {1995},
author = {Agar, N},
title = {Designing babies: morally permissible ways to modify the human genome.},
journal = {Bioethics},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {1-15},
doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8519.1995.tb00297.x},
pmid = {11653029},
issn = {0269-9702},
mesh = {Biology ; *Ethics ; *Eugenics ; *Genetic Engineering ; *Genetic Enhancement ; *Genetic Therapy ; Goals ; Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Psychology ; Sociobiology ; },
abstract = {My focus in this paper is the question of the moral acceptability of attempts to modify the human genome. Much of the debate in this area has revolved around the distinction between supposedly therapeutic modification on the one hand, and eugenic modification on the other. In the first part of the paper I reject some recent arguments against genetic engineering. In the second part I seek to distinguish between permissible and impermissible forms of intervention in such a way that does not appeal to the therapeutic/eugenic distinction. If I am right much of what we would intuitively call eugenic intervention will be morally acceptable. Central to my argument is an asymmetry in the way genetic engineers can influence a person's capacities on the one hand and life-goals on the other. Forms of genetic intervention that have a high probability of producing a mismatch of life-goals and capacities will be ruled out.},
}

Biology
*Ethics
*Eugenics
*Genetic Engineering
*Genetic Enhancement
*Genetic Therapy
Goals
Human Genome Project
Humans
Psychology
Sociobiology

@article {pmid11656141,
year = {1992},
author = {Hill, EM and Low, BS},
title = {Contemporary abortion patterns: a life history approach.},
journal = {Ethology and sociobiology},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {35-48},
doi = {10.1016/0162-3095(92)90005-o},
pmid = {11656141},
issn = {0162-3095},
mesh = {*Abortion, Induced ; Age Factors ; Biology ; Child ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Decision Making ; Ecology ; Female ; Humans ; Men ; *Motivation ; *Parents ; *Reproduction ; Sociobiology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Women ; },
}

*Abortion, Induced
Age Factors
Biology
Child
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Decision Making
Ecology
Female
Humans
Men
*Motivation
*Parents
*Reproduction
Sociobiology
Socioeconomic Factors
Women

@article {pmid11656142,
year = {1992},
author = {Betzig, L and Lombardo, LH},
title = {Who's pro-choice and why.},
journal = {Ethology and sociobiology},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {49-71},
doi = {10.1016/0162-3095(92)90006-p},
pmid = {11656142},
issn = {0162-3095},
mesh = {*Abortion, Induced ; Adolescent ; *Attitude ; Biology ; Data Collection ; Family ; Female ; Financial Support ; Freedom ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Infertility ; Medicaid ; *Men ; Michigan ; Minors ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parental Consent ; Personal Autonomy ; Politics ; Poverty ; Public Opinion ; *Public Policy ; Religion ; Single Person ; Social Control, Formal ; Sociobiology ; *Socioeconomic Factors ; Spouses ; *State Government ; Third-Party Consent ; *Women ; },
}

*Abortion, Induced
Adolescent
*Attitude
Biology
Data Collection
Family
Female
Financial Support
Freedom
Government Regulation
Humans
Infertility
Medicaid
*Men
Michigan
Minors
Parent-Child Relations
Parental Consent
Personal Autonomy
Politics
Poverty
Public Opinion
*Public Policy
Religion
Single Person
Social Control, Formal
Sociobiology
*Socioeconomic Factors
Spouses
*State Government
Third-Party Consent
*Women

@article {pmid11657929,
year = {1999},
author = {Sloane, A},
title = {Singer, preference utilitarianism and infanticide.},
journal = {Studies in Christian ethics},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {47-73},
doi = {10.1177/095394689901200204},
pmid = {11657929},
issn = {0953-9468},
mesh = {Altruism ; Biology ; Christianity ; *Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities ; Emotions ; Ethical Analysis ; *Ethical Theory ; Ethicists ; *Ethics ; Euthanasia, Passive ; *Homicide ; Humans ; Individuality ; *Infant, Newborn ; *Infanticide ; Morals ; Personhood ; Quality of Life ; Social Justice ; Sociobiology ; Value of Life ; },
}

Altruism
Biology
Christianity
*Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities
Emotions
Ethical Analysis
*Ethical Theory
Ethicists
*Ethics
Euthanasia, Passive
*Homicide
Humans
Individuality
*Infant, Newborn
*Infanticide
Morals
Personhood
Quality of Life
Social Justice
Sociobiology
Value of Life

@article {pmid11658108,
year = {1995},
author = {Udry, JR},
title = {Policy and ethical implications of biosocial research.},
journal = {Population research and policy review},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {347-357},
pmid = {11658108},
issn = {0167-5923},
mesh = {*Behavioral Research ; *Biology ; Female ; *Genetics, Behavioral ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Men ; Public Policy ; Racial Groups ; *Research ; Sex Factors ; Sexuality ; Social Control, Formal ; Social Problems ; Social Sciences ; *Sociobiology ; Violence ; Women ; },
}

*Behavioral Research
*Biology
Female
*Genetics, Behavioral
Humans
Intelligence
Men
Public Policy
Racial Groups
*Research
Sex Factors
Sexuality
Social Control, Formal
Social Problems
Social Sciences
*Sociobiology
Violence
Women

@article {pmid11659273,
year = {1990},
author = {Lammers, A and Peters, T},
title = {Genethics: implications of the human genome project.},
journal = {Christian century (Chicago, Ill. : 1902)},
volume = {107},
number = {27},
pages = {868-872},
pmid = {11659273},
issn = {0009-5281},
mesh = {Biology ; *Christianity ; Eugenics ; *Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Testing ; Health Care Rationing ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans ; *Religion ; Resource Allocation ; *Risk ; *Risk Assessment ; Social Responsibility ; Sociobiology ; *Theology ; },
}

Biology
*Christianity
Eugenics
*Genetic Engineering
Genetic Testing
Health Care Rationing
*Human Genome Project
Humans
*Religion
Resource Allocation
*Risk
*Risk Assessment
Social Responsibility
Sociobiology
*Theology

@article {pmid11659544,
year = {1992},
author = {Dreyfuss, RC and Nelkin, D},
title = {The jurisprudence of genetics.},
journal = {Vanderbilt law review},
volume = {45},
number = {2},
pages = {313-348},
pmid = {11659544},
issn = {0042-2533},
mesh = {Adoption ; *Biology ; Criminal Law ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Employment ; Eugenics ; Family Relations ; Female ; Freedom ; Genetic Counseling ; *Genetic Determinism ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; *Genetic Testing ; *Genetics ; *Genetics, Behavioral ; Human Genome Project ; Humans ; *Individuality ; *Jurisprudence ; Liability, Legal ; Mass Screening ; Occupational Exposure ; Parent-Child Relations ; Personal Autonomy ; *Personhood ; Prejudice ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Science ; Self Concept ; *Social Change ; Social Values ; *Sociobiology ; Gestational Carriers ; United States ; Women ; Wrongful Life ; },
}

Adoption
*Biology
Criminal Law
DNA Fingerprinting
Employment
Eugenics
Family Relations
Female
Freedom
Genetic Counseling
*Genetic Determinism
Genetic Diseases, Inborn
*Genetic Testing
*Genetics
*Genetics, Behavioral
Human Genome Project
Humans
*Individuality
*Jurisprudence
Liability, Legal
Mass Screening
Occupational Exposure
Parent-Child Relations
Personal Autonomy
*Personhood
Prejudice
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
Science
Self Concept
*Social Change
Social Values
*Sociobiology
Gestational Carriers
United States
Women
Wrongful Life

@article {pmid11660163,
year = {1995},
author = {Rothman, BK},
title = {Of maps and imaginations: sociology confronts the genome.},
journal = {Social problems},
volume = {42},
number = {1},
pages = {1-10},
pmid = {11660163},
issn = {0037-7791},
mesh = {Biology ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Ethics ; Family Relations ; Female ; Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Testing ; Genetics ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Men ; Occupational Exposure ; *Prenatal Diagnosis ; *Social Dominance ; Social Sciences ; Sociobiology ; *Sociology ; Wedge Argument ; Women ; *Women's Rights ; },
}

Biology
DNA Fingerprinting
Ethics
Family Relations
Female
Genetic Engineering
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
*Genetic Testing
Genetics
*Human Genome Project
Humans
Men
Occupational Exposure
*Prenatal Diagnosis
*Social Dominance
Social Sciences
Sociobiology
*Sociology
Wedge Argument
Women
*Women's Rights

@article {pmid11660362,
year = {1992},
author = {Kaye, HL},
title = {Are our genes our destiny? We are more than our DNA.},
journal = {Current},
volume = {345},
number = {},
pages = {4-9},
pmid = {11660362},
issn = {0011-3131},
mesh = {Alcoholism ; Biological Evolution ; Biology ; Dehumanization ; Eugenics ; *Genetic Determinism ; *Genetics, Behavioral ; Human Characteristics ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Pedigree ; Public Policy ; Religion ; Reproduction ; Social Change ; Sociobiology ; Violence ; },
}

Alcoholism
Biological Evolution
Biology
Dehumanization
Eugenics
*Genetic Determinism
*Genetics, Behavioral
Human Characteristics
*Human Genome Project
Humans
Pedigree
Public Policy
Religion
Reproduction
Social Change
Sociobiology
Violence

@article {pmid11660746,
year = {1996},
author = {MacKellar, C},
title = {The biological child.},
journal = {Ethics & medicine : a Christian perspective on issues in bioethics},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {65-69},
pmid = {11660746},
issn = {0266-688X},
mesh = {Adoption ; Biology ; *Christianity ; Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Marriage ; Oocyte Donation ; *Parent-Child Relations ; *Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Sexuality ; Sociobiology ; Spermatozoa ; Gestational Carriers ; Tissue Donors ; Twinning, Monozygotic ; Twins ; },
}

Adoption
Biology
*Christianity
Cloning, Organism
Embryo Transfer
Female
Fertilization in Vitro
Humans
Marriage
Oocyte Donation
*Parent-Child Relations
*Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
Sexuality
Sociobiology
Spermatozoa
Gestational Carriers
Tissue Donors
Twinning, Monozygotic
Twins

@article {pmid11661296,
year = {1976},
author = {, },
title = {Sociobiology: tool for social oppression.},
journal = {Science for the people},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {7-9},
pmid = {11661296},
issn = {0048-9662},
mesh = {Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; Genetics ; Human Characteristics ; *Social Change ; *Sociobiology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; },
}

Biological Evolution
*Biology
Genetics
Human Characteristics
*Social Change
*Sociobiology
Socioeconomic Factors

@article {pmid11661442,
year = {1977},
author = {DeVore, I and Morris, S},
title = {The new science of genetic self-interest.},
journal = {Psychology today},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {42-46+},
pmid = {11661442},
issn = {0033-3107},
mesh = {Adoption ; *Altruism ; Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *Family ; *Family Relations ; Female ; Gene Pool ; Genetics, Behavioral ; Homicide ; Humans ; Infanticide ; Interpersonal Relations ; Men ; Moral Obligations ; Pedigree ; Reproduction ; Social Change ; Social Dominance ; Social Responsibility ; *Sociobiology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Women ; },
}

Adoption
*Altruism
Biological Evolution
*Biology
Cost-Benefit Analysis
*Family
*Family Relations
Female
Gene Pool
Genetics, Behavioral
Homicide
Humans
Infanticide
Interpersonal Relations
Men
Moral Obligations
Pedigree
Reproduction
Social Change
Social Dominance
Social Responsibility
*Sociobiology
Socioeconomic Factors
Women

@article {pmid11661511,
year = {1977},
author = {Currier, R},
title = {Sociobiology: the new heresy.},
journal = {Human behavior; the newsmagazine of the social sciences},
volume = {5},
number = {11},
pages = {16-22},
pmid = {11661511},
issn = {0046-8134},
mesh = {Attitude ; *Biology ; *Genetics, Behavioral ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Journalism ; Prejudice ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

Attitude
*Biology
*Genetics, Behavioral
Humans
Intelligence
Journalism
Prejudice
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11661556,
year = {1978},
author = {Simon, MA},
title = {Sociobiology: the Aesop's fables of science.},
journal = {The Sciences},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {18-21+},
doi = {10.1002/j.2326-1951.1978.tb01629.x},
pmid = {11661556},
issn = {0036-861X},
mesh = {Behavioral Research ; *Biology ; Genetics ; *Human Characteristics ; Research ; Social Sciences ; *Sociobiology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; },
}

Behavioral Research
*Biology
Genetics
*Human Characteristics
Research
Social Sciences
*Sociobiology
Socioeconomic Factors

@article {pmid11661593,
year = {1978},
author = {Harris, M and Wilson, EO},
title = {Encounter: the envelope and the twig.},
journal = {The Sciences},
volume = {18},
number = {8},
pages = {10-15+},
doi = {10.1002/j.2326-1951.1978.tb01264.x},
pmid = {11661593},
issn = {0036-861X},
mesh = {*Biology ; Cultural Evolution ; Genetics, Behavioral ; Humans ; *Sociobiology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; },
}

*Biology
Cultural Evolution
Genetics, Behavioral
Humans
*Sociobiology
Socioeconomic Factors

@article {pmid11661771,
year = {1978},
author = {Dorozynski, A},
title = {Sociobiology: science's enfant terrible.},
journal = {Science forum},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
pages = {15-16},
pmid = {11661771},
mesh = {Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; Genetics, Behavioral ; Humans ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

Biological Evolution
*Biology
Genetics, Behavioral
Humans
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11661817,
year = {1979},
author = {Simon, RL and Zegura, SL},
title = {Sociobiology and morality.},
journal = {Social research},
volume = {46},
number = {4},
pages = {766-786},
pmid = {11661817},
issn = {0037-783X},
mesh = {*Altruism ; Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; Ethical Analysis ; *Ethics ; Human Characteristics ; Humans ; *Morals ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

*Altruism
Biological Evolution
*Biology
Ethical Analysis
*Ethics
Human Characteristics
Humans
*Morals
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11661872,
year = {1980},
author = {Perry, RJ},
title = {Sociobiology: science in the service of ideology.},
journal = {Ethics},
volume = {91},
number = {1},
pages = {125-137},
doi = {10.1086/292208},
pmid = {11661872},
issn = {0014-1704},
mesh = {*Biology ; Brain ; Cultural Evolution ; *Genetics, Behavioral ; Human Characteristics ; Humans ; Intelligence ; *Sociobiology ; Violence ; },
}

*Biology
Brain
Cultural Evolution
*Genetics, Behavioral
Human Characteristics
Humans
Intelligence
*Sociobiology
Violence

@article {pmid11661898,
year = {1980},
author = {Hamburgh, M},
title = {The paradox of human goodness.},
journal = {Ethics in science & medicine},
volume = {7},
number = {3-4},
pages = {127-140},
pmid = {11661898},
issn = {0306-4581},
mesh = {*Altruism ; Animal Experimentation ; Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Bioethics ; Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; *Conflict, Psychological ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Culture ; *Ethics ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Behavioral ; Humans ; Maternal Behavior ; Mother-Child Relations ; Rats ; Religion ; Socialization ; *Sociobiology ; Survival ; Theology ; },
}

*Altruism
Animal Experimentation
Animal Welfare
Animals
Bioethics
Biological Evolution
*Biology
*Conflict, Psychological
Cross-Cultural Comparison
Culture
*Ethics
Female
Genetic Variation
Genetics, Behavioral
Humans
Maternal Behavior
Mother-Child Relations
Rats
Religion
Socialization
*Sociobiology
Survival
Theology

@article {pmid11661921,
year = {1979},
author = {Midgley, M},
title = {Gene-juggling.},
journal = {Philosophy (London, England)},
volume = {54},
number = {210},
pages = {439-458},
doi = {10.1017/s0031819100063488},
pmid = {11661921},
issn = {0031-8191},
mesh = {*Altruism ; Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; *Ethics ; *Genetics, Behavioral ; Humans ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

*Altruism
Biological Evolution
*Biology
*Ethics
*Genetics, Behavioral
Humans
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11662348,
year = {1976},
author = {},
title = {Genes über alles.},
journal = {Time},
volume = {108},
number = {24},
pages = {93+},
pmid = {11662348},
issn = {0040-781X},
mesh = {*Biology ; Genetics ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

*Biology
Genetics
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11662418,
year = {1976},
author = {Gould, SJ},
title = {Biological potential vs. biological determinism.},
journal = {Natural history},
volume = {85},
number = {5},
pages = {12+},
pmid = {11662418},
issn = {0028-0712},
mesh = {Altruism ; *Biology ; Genetics, Behavioral ; Human Characteristics ; Humans ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

Altruism
*Biology
Genetics, Behavioral
Human Characteristics
Humans
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11662422,
year = {1977},
author = {Holton, G},
title = {Sociobiology: the new synthesis?.},
journal = {Newsletter on science, technology & human values},
volume = {},
number = {21},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1177/016224397700200432},
pmid = {11662422},
issn = {0738-2618},
mesh = {Attitude ; Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; History ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, Ancient ; Methods ; Philosophy ; Science ; Social Change ; Social Sciences ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

Attitude
Biological Evolution
*Biology
History
History, 19th Century
History, 20th Century
History, Ancient
Methods
Philosophy
Science
Social Change
Social Sciences
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11662493,
year = {1978},
author = {Pines, M},
title = {Is sociobiology all wet?.},
journal = {Psychology today},
volume = {11},
number = {12},
pages = {23-24},
pmid = {11662493},
issn = {0033-3107},
mesh = {Altruism ; Attitude ; *Biology ; Genetics, Behavioral ; Humans ; Research Personnel ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

Altruism
Attitude
*Biology
Genetics, Behavioral
Humans
Research Personnel
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11662582,
year = {1979},
author = {Morin, AJ},
title = {Revelation and heresy in sociobiology: a review essay.},
journal = {Science, technology & human values},
volume = {4},
number = {27},
pages = {24-35},
pmid = {11662582},
issn = {0162-2439},
mesh = {*Biology ; Politics ; Social Sciences ; Social Values ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

*Biology
Politics
Social Sciences
Social Values
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11662591,
year = {1979},
author = {Brungs, RA},
title = {Biotechnology and the control of life.},
journal = {Thought},
volume = {54},
number = {212},
pages = {37-57},
doi = {10.5840/thought19795415},
pmid = {11662591},
issn = {0040-6457},
mesh = {Behavior ; Behavior Control ; Bioethics ; Biology ; *Biomedical Technology ; *Christianity ; *Eugenics ; *Freedom ; Human Characteristics ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Individuality ; Personhood ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Sexuality ; *Social Change ; Social Control, Formal ; Social Desirability ; Social Justice ; *Social Responsibility ; Social Values ; Social Welfare ; Sociobiology ; },
}

Behavior
Behavior Control
Bioethics
Biology
*Biomedical Technology
*Christianity
*Eugenics
*Freedom
Human Characteristics
Human Rights
Humans
Individuality
Personhood
Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
Sexuality
*Social Change
Social Control, Formal
Social Desirability
Social Justice
*Social Responsibility
Social Values
Social Welfare
Sociobiology

@article {pmid11662654,
year = {1978},
author = {Hampshire, S},
title = {The illusion of sociobiology.},
journal = {The New York review of books},
volume = {25},
number = {15},
pages = {64-69},
pmid = {11662654},
issn = {0028-7504},
mesh = {*Biology ; Genetics, Behavioral ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; *Philosophy ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

*Biology
Genetics, Behavioral
History, 20th Century
Humans
*Philosophy
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11662715,
year = {1978},
author = {},
title = {A genetic defense of the free market.},
journal = {Business week},
volume = {},
number = {2529},
pages = {},
pmid = {11662715},
issn = {0007-7135},
mesh = {*Biology ; *Economics ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

*Biology
*Economics
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11662764,
year = {1979},
author = {Frankel, C},
title = {Sociobiology and its critics.},
journal = {Commentary (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {68},
number = {1},
pages = {39-47},
pmid = {11662764},
issn = {0010-2601},
mesh = {Attitude ; *Biology ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Genetics, Behavioral ; History, 20th Century ; Human Characteristics ; Humans ; Science ; Social Sciences ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

Attitude
*Biology
Evaluation Studies as Topic
Genetics, Behavioral
History, 20th Century
Human Characteristics
Humans
Science
Social Sciences
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11662803,
year = {1980},
author = {Wind, J},
title = {Man's selfish genes, social behavior and ethics.},
journal = {Journal of social and biological structures},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {33-41},
doi = {10.1016/0140-1750(80)90018-4},
pmid = {11662803},
issn = {0140-1750},
mesh = {*Altruism ; Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; Family ; Gene Pool ; Humans ; *Sociobiology ; Survival ; },
}

*Altruism
Biological Evolution
*Biology
Family
Gene Pool
Humans
*Sociobiology
Survival

@article {pmid11662824,
year = {1980},
author = {Rosenfeld, A},
title = {Sociobiology stirs a controversy over limits of science.},
journal = {Smithsonian},
volume = {11},
number = {6},
pages = {73-81},
pmid = {11662824},
issn = {0037-7333},
mesh = {Altruism ; Attitude ; *Biology ; *Genetics, Behavioral ; Humans ; Literature ; Social Change ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

Altruism
Attitude
*Biology
*Genetics, Behavioral
Humans
Literature
Social Change
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11662864,
year = {1977},
author = {Stevens, VJ},
title = {Sociobiology, science and human behavior.},
journal = {Behaviorists for Social Action journal},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-4},
pmid = {11662864},
issn = {0739-5051},
mesh = {Altruism ; Behavior ; Behavior Control ; *Biology ; Genetics, Behavioral ; Humans ; Politics ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

Altruism
Behavior
Behavior Control
*Biology
Genetics, Behavioral
Humans
Politics
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11662873,
year = {1980},
author = {Wilson, EO},
title = {The attempt to suppress human behavioral genetics.},
journal = {The Journal of general education},
volume = {29},
number = {4},
pages = {277-287},
pmid = {11662873},
issn = {0021-3667},
mesh = {Attitude ; Biology ; Genetic Testing ; *Genetics, Behavioral ; Humans ; Intelligence ; *Politics ; Research Personnel ; *Social Change ; *Social Control, Informal ; Sociobiology ; XYY Karyotype ; },
}

Attitude
Biology
Genetic Testing
*Genetics, Behavioral
Humans
Intelligence
*Politics
Research Personnel
*Social Change
*Social Control, Informal
Sociobiology
XYY Karyotype

@article {pmid11662875,
year = {1976},
author = {Bates, WR},
title = {The disturbing political implications of 'sociobiology'.},
journal = {Science forum},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {23-24},
pmid = {11662875},
mesh = {*Biology ; Politics ; *Social Change ; Social Problems ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

*Biology
Politics
*Social Change
Social Problems
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11662890,
year = {1980},
author = {Albury, WR},
title = {Politics and rhetoric in the sociobiology debate.},
journal = {Social studies of science},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {519-536},
doi = {10.1177/030631278001000409},
pmid = {11662890},
issn = {0306-3127},
mesh = {Altruism ; *Attitude ; *Biology ; Genetics, Behavioral ; Humans ; Methods ; Politics ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

Altruism
*Attitude
*Biology
Genetics, Behavioral
Humans
Methods
Politics
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11662905,
year = {1981},
author = {Lewin, R},
title = {Genes, mind and Edward O. Wilson.},
journal = {New society},
volume = {56},
number = {963},
pages = {176-178},
pmid = {11662905},
issn = {0028-6729},
mesh = {Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; *Cultural Evolution ; Genetic Variation ; *Genetics, Behavioral ; Humans ; Literature ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

Biological Evolution
*Biology
*Cultural Evolution
Genetic Variation
*Genetics, Behavioral
Humans
Literature
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11662914,
year = {1978},
author = {Brownstein, L},
title = {Sociobiology: the investigation of the biological aspects of social behavior and organization.},
journal = {Sociology},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {360-368},
doi = {10.1177/003803857801200214},
pmid = {11662914},
issn = {0038-0385},
mesh = {Altruism ; *Biology ; Cultural Evolution ; Genetics, Behavioral ; Humans ; Social Sciences ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

Altruism
*Biology
Cultural Evolution
Genetics, Behavioral
Humans
Social Sciences
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11663093,
year = {1980},
author = {Shannon, TA},
title = {Ethical implications of developments in genetics.},
journal = {The Linacre quarterly},
volume = {47},
number = {4},
pages = {346-368},
pmid = {11663093},
issn = {0024-3639},
mesh = {*Biology ; *Biomedical Research ; *DNA, Recombinant ; *Ethical Analysis ; *Ethics ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; *Genetic Engineering ; Genetics ; Health ; Human Characteristics ; Humans ; *Individuality ; *Personhood ; *Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; *Research ; Research Personnel ; Science ; Self Concept ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

*Biology
*Biomedical Research
*DNA, Recombinant
*Ethical Analysis
*Ethics
Genetic Diseases, Inborn
*Genetic Engineering
Genetics
Health
Human Characteristics
Humans
*Individuality
*Personhood
*Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
*Research
Research Personnel
Science
Self Concept
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11663326,
year = {1979},
author = {Browning, DS and Lyon, B},
title = {Sociobiology and ethical reflection.},
journal = {Theology today (Princeton, N.J.)},
volume = {36},
number = {2},
pages = {229-238},
doi = {10.1177/004057367903600211},
pmid = {11663326},
issn = {0040-5736},
mesh = {Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; Decision Making ; Ethics ; Genetics, Behavioral ; Humans ; Motivation ; Philosophy ; Religion ; Social Values ; *Sociobiology ; Survival ; Theology ; },
}

Biological Evolution
*Biology
Decision Making
Ethics
Genetics, Behavioral
Humans
Motivation
Philosophy
Religion
Social Values
*Sociobiology
Survival
Theology

@article {pmid11663707,
year = {1976},
author = {Lewin, R},
title = {The course of a controversy.},
journal = {New scientist (1971)},
volume = {70},
number = {1000},
pages = {344-345},
pmid = {11663707},
issn = {0262-4079},
mesh = {*Biology ; Genetics ; Human Characteristics ; *Sociobiology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; },
}

*Biology
Genetics
Human Characteristics
*Sociobiology
Socioeconomic Factors

@article {pmid11663708,
year = {1976},
author = {, },
title = {The new synthesis is an old story.},
journal = {New scientist (1971)},
volume = {70},
number = {1000},
pages = {346-348},
pmid = {11663708},
issn = {0262-4079},
mesh = {Altruism ; Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; Cultural Evolution ; Genetics ; *Human Characteristics ; Humans ; Prejudice ; Science ; Social Dominance ; Social Problems ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

Altruism
Biological Evolution
*Biology
Cultural Evolution
Genetics
*Human Characteristics
Humans
Prejudice
Science
Social Dominance
Social Problems
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11663807,
year = {1977},
author = {Lewin, R},
title = {Biological limits to morality.},
journal = {New scientist (1971)},
volume = {76},
number = {1082},
pages = {694-696},
pmid = {11663807},
issn = {0262-4079},
mesh = {*Altruism ; Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; Genetics ; Human Characteristics ; Humans ; *Morals ; Philosophy ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

*Altruism
Biological Evolution
*Biology
Genetics
Human Characteristics
Humans
*Morals
Philosophy
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11663865,
year = {1978},
author = {Friedeman, H},
title = {Criminal research prompts Dutch sociobiology debate.},
journal = {New scientist (1971)},
volume = {78},
number = {1104},
pages = {494-495},
pmid = {11663865},
issn = {0262-4079},
mesh = {*Attitude ; *Behavioral Research ; Biology ; *Genetics, Behavioral ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Netherlands ; *Prisoners ; *Research ; Research Personnel ; Sociobiology ; },
}

*Attitude
*Behavioral Research
Biology
*Genetics, Behavioral
Humans
Mental Disorders
Netherlands
*Prisoners
*Research
Research Personnel
Sociobiology

@article {pmid11663879,
year = {1978},
author = {Wilson, EO},
title = {The nature of human nature.},
journal = {New scientist (1971)},
volume = {80},
number = {1123},
pages = {20-22},
pmid = {11663879},
issn = {0262-4079},
mesh = {*Biology ; Cultural Evolution ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Behavioral ; *Human Characteristics ; Humans ; Sexuality ; *Sociobiology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; },
}

*Biology
Cultural Evolution
Genetic Variation
Genetics, Behavioral
*Human Characteristics
Humans
Sexuality
*Sociobiology
Socioeconomic Factors

@article {pmid11663892,
year = {1978},
author = {Hull, D},
title = {The sociology of sociobiology.},
journal = {New scientist (1971)},
volume = {79},
number = {1121},
pages = {862-865},
pmid = {11663892},
issn = {0262-4079},
mesh = {Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; History ; Humans ; Research Personnel ; Science ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

Biological Evolution
*Biology
History
Humans
Research Personnel
Science
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid11728916,
year = {2001},
author = {Mysterud, I},
title = {Triumph of Sociobiology.},
journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
volume = {5},
number = {12},
pages = {550},
doi = {10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01831-3},
pmid = {11728916},
issn = {1879-307X},
}

@article {pmid11729318,
year = {2001},
author = {Lehmann, FO},
title = {Matching spiracle opening to metabolic need during flight in Drosophila.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {294},
number = {5548},
pages = {1926-1929},
doi = {10.1126/science.1064821},
pmid = {11729318},
issn = {0036-8075},
mesh = {Animals ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Dehydration/*metabolism ; Desiccation ; Diffusion ; Drosophila melanogaster/*metabolism ; Electric Conductivity ; Energy Metabolism ; Flight, Animal/*physiology ; Oxygen/metabolism ; *Oxygen Consumption ; Trachea/metabolism ; Water/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The respiratory exchange system of insects must maximize the flux of respiratory gases through the spiracles of the tracheal system while minimizing water loss. This trade-off between gas exchange and water loss becomes crucial when locomotor activity is increased during flight and metabolic needs are greatest. Insects that keep their spiracles mostly closed during flight reduce water loss but limit the flux of oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the tracheal system and thus attenuate locomotor performance. Insects that keep their spiracles completely open allow maximum gas exchange but face desiccation stress more quickly. Experiments in which water vapor was used as a tracer gas to track changes in the conductance of the respiratory system indicated that flying fruit flies minimize potential water loss by matching the area of the open spiracles to their gas exchange required for metabolic needs. This behavior maintained approximately constant pressure for carbon dioxide (1.35 kilopascals) and oxygen (19.9 kilopascals) within the tracheal system while reducing respirometric water loss by up to 23% compared with a strategy in which the spiracles are held wide open during flight. The adaptive spiracle-closing behavior in fruit flies has general implications for the ecology of flying insects because it shows how these animals may cope with environmental challenges during high locomotor performance.},
}

Animals
Carbon Dioxide/metabolism
Dehydration/*metabolism
Desiccation
Diffusion
Drosophila melanogaster/*metabolism
Electric Conductivity
Energy Metabolism
Flight, Animal/*physiology
Oxygen/metabolism
*Oxygen Consumption
Trachea/metabolism
Water/*metabolism

@article {pmid11733168,
year = {2001},
author = {Lehmann, FO},
title = {The efficiency of aerodynamic force production in Drosophila.},
journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology},
volume = {131},
number = {1},
pages = {77-88},
doi = {10.1016/s1095-6433(01)00467-6},
pmid = {11733168},
issn = {1095-6433},
mesh = {Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Drosophila/*physiology ; },
abstract = {Total efficiency of aerodynamic force production in insect flight depends on both the efficiency with which flight muscles turn metabolic energy into muscle mechanical power and the efficiency with which this power is converted into aerodynamic flight force by the flapping wings. Total efficiency has been estimated in tethered flying fruit flies Drosophila by modulating their power expenditures in a virtual reality flight simulator while simultaneously measuring stroke kinematics, locomotor performance and metabolic costs. During flight, muscle efficiency increases with increasing flight force production, whereas aerodynamic efficiency of lift production decreases with increasing forces. As a consequence of these opposite trends, total flight efficiency in Drosophila remains approximately constant within the kinematic working range of the flight motor. Total efficiency is broadly independent of different profile power estimates and typically amounts to 2-3%. The animal achieves maximum total efficiency near hovering flight conditions, when the beating wings produce flight forces that are equal to the body weight of the insect. It remains uncertain whether this small advantage in total efficiency during hovering flight was shaped by evolutionary factors or results from functional constraints on both the production of mechanical power by the indirect flight muscles and the unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms in flapping flight.},
}

Animals
Behavior, Animal
Drosophila/*physiology

@article {pmid11807284,
year = {2001},
author = {Segerstrale, U},
title = {World views and Trojan horses in the sociobiology debate.},
journal = {Journal of biosciences},
volume = {26},
number = {5},
pages = {549-554},
pmid = {11807284},
issn = {0250-5991},
mesh = {Adaptation, Psychological ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Behavioral ; Humans ; },
}

Adaptation, Psychological
Animals
*Behavior, Animal
Genetic Variation
Genetics, Behavioral
Humans

@article {pmid11919381,
year = {2002},
author = {Schwartz, J},
title = {Population genetics and sociobiology: conflicting views of evolution.},
journal = {Perspectives in biology and medicine},
volume = {45},
number = {2},
pages = {224-240},
doi = {10.1353/pbm.2002.0039},
pmid = {11919381},
issn = {0031-5982},
mesh = {*Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; *Genetics, Population ; Humans ; *Models, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic ; },
abstract = {This article explores the tension between the population genetics and sociobiological approaches to the study of evolution. Whereas population geneticists, like Stanford's Marc Feldman, insist that the genetic complexities of organisms cannot be overlooked, sociobiologists (many of whom now prefer to call themselves "behavioral ecologists") rely on optimization models that are based on the simplest possible genetics.These optimization approaches have their roots in the classical result known as the fundamental theorem of natural selection, formulated by R. A. Fisher in 1930. From the start there was great uncertainty over the proper interpretation of Fisher's theorem, which became confused with Sewall Wright's immensely influential adaptive landscape concept. In the 1960s, a new generation of mathematical biologists proved that Fisher's theorem did not hold when fitness depended on more than one locus. Similar reasoning was used to attack W. D. Hamilton's inclusive fitness theory. A new theory, known as the theory of long-term evolution, attempts to reconcile the rigorous population genetics approach with the long-standing sociobiological view that natural selection acts to increase the fitness of organisms.},
}

*Biological Evolution
*Biology
*Genetics, Population
Humans
*Models, Genetic
Selection, Genetic

@article {pmid12033552,
year = {2002},
author = {Gebo, E},
title = {A contextual exploration of siblicide.},
journal = {Violence and victims},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {157-168},
doi = {10.1891/vivi.17.2.157.33649},
pmid = {12033552},
issn = {0886-6708},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Homicide/psychology/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Psychological Theory ; Records/statistics & numerical data ; Sex Distribution ; *Siblings ; Sociobiology ; United States ; },
abstract = {This article contextualizes the exploration of sibling homicide, or siblicide, a phenomenon that traditionally has received very little attention within the academic literature. Siblicide is examined in relation to other family homicides and other known homicides. Given the traditional frequency, duration, and intensity of youthful sibling relationships, juvenile homicides are disaggregated from adult homicides to reveal whether there are any differences. Although previous research has questioned the use of the Supplementary Homicide Reports for this type of analysis (Daly, Wilson, Salmon, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, & Hasegawa 2001), the utility of the data set is demonstrated. The results of this exploration suggest that siblicide may be examined within the theoretical contexts of sociobiology and routine activities theory.},
}

Adolescent
Adult
Age Distribution
Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data
Female
Homicide/psychology/*statistics & numerical data
Humans
Male
Psychological Theory
Records/statistics & numerical data
Sex Distribution
*Siblings
Sociobiology
United States

@article {pmid12033558,
year = {2002},
author = {Peters, J and Shackelford, TK and Buss, DM},
title = {Understanding domestic violence against women: using evolutionary psychology to extend the feminist functional analysis.},
journal = {Violence and victims},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {255-264},
doi = {10.1891/vivi.17.2.255.33644},
pmid = {12033558},
issn = {0886-6708},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Feminism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; New York City ; Psychological Theory ; *Reproduction ; Risk Factors ; Sociobiology ; Spouse Abuse/*psychology/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {Evolutionary psychologists such as Wilson and Daly (1993b) hypothesize that one goal of male-perpetrated domestic violence is control over female sexuality, including the deterrence of infidelity. According to this hypothesis, domestic violence varies with women's reproductive value or expected future reproduction, declining steeply as women age. We tested this hypothesis with a sample of 3,969 cases of male-perpetrated partner-abuse reported to a single police precinct in a large urban area over a 14-year period. Results show that (a) rates of domestic violence decrease as women age, (b) younger men are at greatest risk for perpetrating domestic violence, (c) younger, reproductive age women incur nearly 10 times the risk of domestic violence as do older, post-reproductive age women, and (d) the greater risk of domestic violence incurred by reproductive age women is not attributable solely to mateship to younger, more violent men. Discussion addresses theoretical implications of these findings and suggests a refinement of the feminist hypothesis of domestic violence against women.},
}

Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
*Biological Evolution
Female
Feminism
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
New York City
Psychological Theory
*Reproduction
Risk Factors
Sociobiology
Spouse Abuse/*psychology/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid12034873,
year = {2002},
author = {Julian, GE and Fewell, JH and Gadau, J and Johnson, RA and Larrabee, D},
title = {Genetic determination of the queen caste in an ant hybrid zone.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {99},
number = {12},
pages = {8157-8160},
pmid = {12034873},
issn = {0027-8424},
support = {R29 MH 51329/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Ants/*genetics/physiology ; DNA Primers ; Female ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; *Social Behavior ; Southwestern United States ; },
abstract = {The question of how reproductives and sterile workers differentiate within eusocial groups has long been a core issue in sociobiology because it requires the loss of individual direct fitness in favor of indirect or group-level fitness gains. The evolution of social behavior requires that differentiation between workers and female reproductives be environmentally determined, because genetically determined sterility would be quickly eliminated. Nevertheless, we report clear evidence of genetic caste determination in populations of two seed harvester ant species common to the southwestern USA, Pogonomyrmex rugosus and Pogonomyrmex barbatus. The genetic differentiation between workers and queens is found only in areas of sympatry of the two species, and thus appears to arisen from hybridization. Our data suggest that this hybridization has had a profound historical effect on the caste determination systems and mating patterns of each of these species.},
}

Animals
Ants/*genetics/physiology
DNA Primers
Female
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Reproduction
Seasons
*Social Behavior
Southwestern United States

@article {pmid12122463,
year = {2002},
author = {Seeley, TD and Kühnholz, S and Seeley, RH},
title = {An early chapter in behavioral physiology and sociobiology: the science of Martin Lindauer.},
journal = {Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology},
volume = {188},
number = {6},
pages = {439-453},
doi = {10.1007/s00359-002-0318-6},
pmid = {12122463},
issn = {0340-7594},
mesh = {Animals ; Bees ; Behavior, Animal ; Germany ; History, 20th Century ; Physiology/*history ; Sociobiology/*history ; },
abstract = {The fields of behavioral physiology and sociobiology enjoyed spectacular success in post World War II Germany. One of the major contributors to this blossoming in behavioral science was Martin Lindauer, who furthered the research approach of his mentor (Karl von Frisch), made numerous seminal discoveries, and nurtured a strong next generation in the area of neurobiology and behavior. We review the scientific development of Martin Lindauer within the German academic system in the years surrounding World War II, examine his research approach and achievements, and discuss his unusually successful methods of scientific pedagogy.},
}

Animals
Bees
Behavior, Animal
Germany
History, 20th Century
Physiology/*history
Sociobiology/*history

@article {pmid12286744,
year = {1992},
author = {Mumtaz, S},
title = {Comments on "Cultural Perceptions and the Productive Roles of Rural Pakistani Women".},
journal = {Pakistan development review},
volume = {31},
number = {4 Pt 2},
pages = {1305-1307},
pmid = {12286744},
issn = {0030-9729},
mesh = {*Agriculture ; Asia ; Behavior ; *Culture ; Developing Countries ; Economics ; Employment ; *Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Health Workforce ; Pakistan ; Social Behavior ; },
}

*Agriculture
Asia
Behavior
*Culture
Developing Countries
Economics
Employment
*Evaluation Studies as Topic
Health Workforce
Pakistan
Social Behavior

@article {pmid12287532,
year = {1992},
author = {Braeckman, J},
title = {[The population explosion in sociobiological perspective].},
journal = {Tijdschrift voor sociale wetenschappen},
volume = {37},
number = {3},
pages = {292-304},
pmid = {12287532},
issn = {0040-7615},
mesh = {*Biology ; *Culture ; Demography ; Genetics ; *Genetics, Population ; Population ; Population Characteristics ; *Population Control ; *Population Dynamics ; *Population Growth ; Public Policy ; *Research ; Social Sciences ; *Sociology ; },
abstract = {The author uses the assertions of Anne and Paul Erlich regarding population growth as a basis for his analysis of whether the field of sociobiology offers hope that humans can control reproduction effectively. He notes that "sociobiology is rather pessimistic about this since it is the essence of human nature to reproduce and multiply. In spite of this there are reasons to believe that humankind is able to achieve...a declining birth rate, and this thesis...takes account of the genetic or natural and the cultural make-up of human beings." (SUMMARY IN ENG)},
}

*Biology
*Culture
Demography
Genetics
*Genetics, Population
Population
Population Characteristics
*Population Control
*Population Dynamics
*Population Growth
Public Policy
*Research
Social Sciences
*Sociology

@article {pmid12298031,
year = {2002},
author = {Patzig, G},
title = {Can moral norms be rationally justified?.},
journal = {Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)},
volume = {41},
number = {18},
pages = {3353-3358},
doi = {10.1002/1521-3773(20020916)41:18<3353::AID-ANIE3353>3.0.CO;2-X},
pmid = {12298031},
issn = {1433-7851},
mesh = {*Ethical Theory ; Humans ; *Morals ; Social Justice/*ethics ; Sociobiology/ethics ; },
}

*Ethical Theory
Humans
*Morals
Social Justice/*ethics
Sociobiology/ethics

@article {pmid12315292,
year = {1985},
author = {Granberg, D and Granberg, BW},
title = {A search for gender differences on fertility-related attitudes: questioning the relevance of sociobiology theory for understanding social psychological aspects of human reproduction.},
journal = {Psychology of women quarterly},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {431-437},
doi = {10.1111/j.1471-6402.1985.tb00893.x},
pmid = {12315292},
issn = {0361-6843},
mesh = {*Abortion, Induced ; Americas ; *Attitude ; *Behavior ; *Biology ; *Data Collection ; Demography ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; *Family Characteristics ; *Family Planning Services ; *Gender Identity ; North America ; Population ; Population Characteristics ; Psychology ; Research ; Sampling Studies ; *Sex Factors ; *Social Behavior ; United States ; },
}

*Abortion, Induced
Americas
*Attitude
*Behavior
*Biology
*Data Collection
Demography
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
*Family Characteristics
*Family Planning Services
*Gender Identity
North America
Population
Population Characteristics
Psychology
Research
Sampling Studies
*Sex Factors
*Social Behavior
United States

@article {pmid12345859,
year = {1993},
author = {Begossi, A},
title = {[Human ecology: an overview of man-environment relationships].},
journal = {Interciencia},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {121-132},
pmid = {12345859},
issn = {0378-1844},
mesh = {Americas ; Anthropology ; *Anthropology, Cultural ; *Biology ; Brazil ; *Culture ; Developing Countries ; *Ecology ; *Environment ; *Geography ; Latin America ; Social Sciences ; South America ; },
}

Americas
Anthropology
*Anthropology, Cultural
*Biology
Brazil
*Culture
Developing Countries
*Ecology
*Environment
*Geography
Latin America
Social Sciences
South America

@article {pmid12481652,
year = {2002},
author = {Puppe, B},
title = {[The development of the relationship between sow and piglet in the domestic pig--a sociobiological observation].},
journal = {Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift},
volume = {115},
number = {11-12},
pages = {445-452},
pmid = {12481652},
issn = {0005-9366},
mesh = {Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn/physiology/psychology ; Animals, Suckling/physiology/*psychology ; *Behavior, Animal ; Ethology ; Female ; Lactation/*physiology ; Male ; *Sucking Behavior/physiology ; Swine/physiology/*psychology ; Weaning ; },
abstract = {The nursing and suckling behaviour of the domestic pig is a complex social behavioural interaction aimed to ensure the milk flow from the sow to the piglets. Ultimately caused theoretical frameworks from basic ethology and/or sociobiology are increasingly used to explain such social behavioural patterns. The present paper gives a short survey of ethophysiological aspects of the nursing and suckling behaviour in domestic pigs and, thereafter, discusses the development and consequences of some parts of the suckling behaviour and the maternal lactation performance in terms of a possible parent-offspring and weaning conflict. It is concluded that--additional to proximately caused mechanisms--the ontogeny of domestic pigs can be interpreted with such principles. In housing systems allowing the animals more control over their behaviour (e.g. their investment) ultimate causes should be more considered. Especially the pathways on which the ultimate strategies become effective via proximate mechanisms do not seem to be understood in total and require specific research. However, it is suggested that effective improvements of welfare, health and productivity can only be reached with the knowledge and integration of both ultimate and proximate causes of behaviour.},
}

Animal Welfare
Animals
Animals, Newborn/physiology/psychology
Animals, Suckling/physiology/*psychology
*Behavior, Animal
Ethology
Female
Lactation/*physiology
Male
*Sucking Behavior/physiology
Swine/physiology/*psychology
Weaning

@article {pmid12510594,
year = {2002},
author = {McLoughlin, G},
title = {Is depression normal in human beings? A critique of the evolutionary perspective.},
journal = {International journal of mental health nursing},
volume = {11},
number = {3},
pages = {170-173},
doi = {10.1046/j.1440-0979.2002.00244.x},
pmid = {12510594},
issn = {1445-8330},
mesh = {Adaptation, Psychological ; *Biological Evolution ; Depression/*etiology/psychology ; Depressive Disorder/*etiology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetics, Behavioral ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Models, Psychological ; Selection, Genetic ; Sociobiology ; },
abstract = {To the evolutionary biologist human beings at every stage of their development represent 'compromises' in their continual adaptation to their changing environments. Using a neo-Darwinian perspective, evolutionary psychiatrists such as Randolph Nesse (Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Michigan) argue that while natural selection does not shape disease itself, it does shape human traits and therefore vulnerability to disease. Accordingly, for him, depression is a human emotion which may represent a surviving positive response and is therefore not always pathological. This critique examines Nesse's principal arguments and reveals a number of weaknesses in those arguments. The article concludes with a review of the therapeutic and preventive implications of his evolutionary perspective on depressive states as well as some implications for mental health nurses.},
}

Adaptation, Psychological
*Biological Evolution
Depression/*etiology/psychology
Depressive Disorder/*etiology
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
*Genetics, Behavioral
Humans
Models, Genetic
Models, Psychological
Selection, Genetic
Sociobiology

@article {pmid12548429,
year = {2003},
author = {Dornhaus, A and Brockmann, A and Chittka, L},
title = {Bumble bees alert to food with pheromone from tergal gland.},
journal = {Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology},
volume = {189},
number = {1},
pages = {47-51},
doi = {10.1007/s00359-002-0374-y},
pmid = {12548429},
issn = {0340-7594},
mesh = {Animals ; Bees ; Endocrine Glands/*metabolism ; Exocrine Glands/metabolism ; Feeding Behavior/*drug effects ; *Food ; Hypopharynx/metabolism ; Insect Hormones/biosynthesis/classification ; Mandible/metabolism ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Pheromones/*pharmacology ; Time Factors ; Tissue Extracts/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Foragers of Bombus terrestris are able to alert their nestmates to the presence of food sources. It has been supposed that this happens at least partially through the distribution of a pheromone inside the nest. We substantiate this claim using a behavioral test in which an alerting signal is transmitted from one colony to another by long distance air transport, so excluding all other modalities of information exchange. We then investigated the source of the pheromone and were able to show that a hexane extract from tergites V-VII of bumble bee workers elicits higher activity, like a successful forager does. Extracts from other glands, such as the mandibular, labial, hypopharyngeal, and Dufour's gland as well as extracts from other parts of the cuticle had no effect. This suggests that bumble bees possess a pheromone-producing gland, similar to the Nasanov gland in honey bees. Indeed, an extract from the honey bee Nasanov gland also proved to alert bumble bee workers, suggesting a possible homology of the glands.},
}

Animals
Bees
Endocrine Glands/*metabolism
Exocrine Glands/metabolism
Feeding Behavior/*drug effects
*Food
Hypopharynx/metabolism
Insect Hormones/biosynthesis/classification
Mandible/metabolism
Motor Activity/drug effects
Pheromones/*pharmacology
Time Factors
Tissue Extracts/pharmacology

@article {pmid12554435,
year = {2003},
author = {Schwarz, MP and Bull, NJ and Cooper, SJ},
title = {Molecular phylogenetics of allodapine bees, with implications for the evolution of sociality and progressive rearing.},
journal = {Systematic biology},
volume = {52},
number = {1},
pages = {1-14},
doi = {10.1080/10635150390132632},
pmid = {12554435},
issn = {1063-5157},
mesh = {Africa ; Animals ; Australia ; Base Composition/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Bees/classification/*genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Likelihood Functions ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Elongation Factor 1/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; *Sociobiology ; },
abstract = {Allodapine bees have long been regarded as providing useful material for examining the origins of social behavior. Previous researchers have assumed that sociality arose within the Allodapini and have linked the evolution of sociality to a transition from mass provisioning to progressive provisioning of brood. Early phylogenetic studies of allodapines were based on morphological and life-history data, but critical aspects of these studies relied on small character sets, where the polarity and coding of characters is problematic. We used nucleotide sequence data from one nuclear and two mitochondrial gene fragments to examine phylogenetic structure among nine allodapine genera. Our data set comprised 1506 nucleotide positions, of which 402 were parsimony informative. Maximum parsimony, log determinant, and maximum likelihood analyses produced highly similar phylogenetic topologies, and all analyses indicated that the tropical African genus Macrogalea was the sister group to all other allodapines. This finding conflicts with that of previous studies, in which Compsomelissa + Halterapis formed the most basal group. Changing the basal node of the Allodapini has major consequences for understanding evolution in this tribe. Our results cast doubt on the previous hypotheses that progressive provisioning and castelike social behavior evolved among lineages leading to the extant allodapine taxa. Instead, our results suggest that mass provisioning in Halterapis is a derived feature and that social behavior is an ancestral trait for all allodapine lineages. The forms of social behavior present in extant allodapines are likely to have resulted from a long evolutionary history, which may help explain the complexity of social traits found in many allodapine bees.},
}

Africa
Animals
Australia
Base Composition/genetics
Base Sequence
Bees/classification/*genetics
Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics
Likelihood Functions
Molecular Sequence Data
Peptide Elongation Factor 1/genetics
*Phylogeny
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid12554437,
year = {2003},
author = {Danforth, BN and Conway, L and Ji, S},
title = {Phylogeny of eusocial Lasioglossum reveals multiple losses of eusociality within a primitively eusocial clade of bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae).},
journal = {Systematic biology},
volume = {52},
number = {1},
pages = {23-36},
doi = {10.1080/10635150390132687},
pmid = {12554437},
issn = {1063-5157},
mesh = {Animals ; Bees/classification/*genetics ; Likelihood Functions ; *Phylogeny ; *Sociobiology ; },
abstract = {We performed a phylogenetic analysis of the species, species groups, and subgenera within the predominantly eusocial lineage of Lasioglossum (the Hemihalictus series) based on three protein coding genes: mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I, nuclear elongation factor 1alpha and long-wavelength rhodopsin. The entire data set consisted of 3421 aligned nucleotide sites, 854 of which were parsimony informative. Analyses by equal weights parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods yielded good resolution among the 53 taxa/populations, with strong bootstrap support and high posterior probabilities for most nodes. There was no significant incongruence among genes, and parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods yielded congruent results. We mapped social behavior onto the resulting tree for 42 of the taxa/populations to infer the likely history of social evolution within Lasioglossum. Our results indicate that eusociality had a single origin within Lasioglossum. Within the predominantly eusocial clade, however, there have been multiple (six) reversals from eusociality to solitary nesting, social polymorphism, or social parasitism, suggesting that these reversals may be more common in primitively eusocial Hymenoptera than previously anticipated. Our results support the view that eusociality is hard to evolve but easily lost. This conclusion is potentially important for understanding the early evolution of the advanced eusocial insects, such as ants, termites, and corbiculate bees.},
}

Animals
Bees/classification/*genetics
Likelihood Functions
*Phylogeny
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid12606988,
year = {2003},
author = {Hannonen, M and Sundström, L},
title = {Sociobiology: Worker nepotism among polygynous ants.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {421},
number = {6926},
pages = {910},
doi = {10.1038/421910a},
pmid = {12606988},
issn = {0028-0836},
mesh = {Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; Discrimination Learning ; Female ; Male ; Models, Biological ; *Reproduction ; *Social Behavior ; },
}

Animals
Ants/*physiology
Discrimination Learning
Female
Male
Models, Biological
*Reproduction
*Social Behavior

@article {pmid12614581,
year = {2003},
author = {Oli, MK},
title = {Hamilton goes empirical: estimation of inclusive fitness from life-history data.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {270},
number = {1512},
pages = {307-311},
pmid = {12614581},
issn = {0962-8452},
mesh = {Altruism ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Models, Genetic ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction/genetics ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sociobiology ; },
abstract = {Hamilton's theory of kin selection is one of the most important advances in evolutionary biology since Darwin. Central to the kin-selection theory is the concept of inclusive fitness. However, despite the importance of inclusive fitness in evolutionary theory, empirical estimation of inclusive fitness has remained an elusive task. Using the concept of individual fitness, I present a method for estimating inclusive fitness and its components for diploid organisms with age-structured life histories. The method presented here: (i) allows empirical estimation of inclusive fitness from life-history data; (ii) simultaneously considers all components of fitness, including timing and magnitude of reproduction; (iii) is consistent with Hamilton's definition of inclusive fitness; and (iv) adequately addresses shortcomings of existing methods of estimating inclusive fitness. I also demonstrate the application of this new method for testing Hamilton's rule.},
}

Altruism
Animals
*Biological Evolution
*Models, Genetic
Population Dynamics
Reproduction/genetics
*Selection, Genetic
Sociobiology

@article {pmid12633515,
year = {2002},
author = {Wahlqvist, ML and Wahlqvist, ML},
title = {'Malnutrition' in the aged: the dietary assessment.},
journal = {Public health nutrition},
volume = {5},
number = {6A},
pages = {911-913},
doi = {10.1079/PHN2002369},
pmid = {12633515},
issn = {1368-9800},
mesh = {Aged ; *Aging ; *Feeding Behavior ; *Geriatric Assessment ; Humans ; Nutrition Disorders/*etiology ; },
abstract = {Changing demography towards older populations requires nutritionists to review food--health relationships in regard to older age groups, to the ageing process, to precursors of disability and survival, and to the changeability of health status through diet in later life. Nutritional status in later life may be complex with combined features of under-, over- and disordered nutrition -- dysnutrition. Further, beyond food components (essential nutrients and more), foods themselves, integrals of food intake and the socio-cultural aspects of food intake play a significant role in the health and well-being of the aged and require measurement. Ageing socio-biology provides opportunities and imposes limitations on the usual food intake instruments. However, rapid assessment procedures can be particularly valuable as highlighted in the Food Habits in Later Life project of the International Union of Nutritional Sciences. There are critical issues to which dietary methodology can be applied to the aged: a disappearing knowledge base, relevant health-enhancing strategies and the creation of new food--health opportunities. Many communities now wish to use such information to develop food-based dietary guidelines for their aged members.},
}

Aged
*Aging
*Feeding Behavior
*Geriatric Assessment
Humans
Nutrition Disorders/*etiology

@article {pmid12678086,
year = {2002},
author = {Hanson, R},
title = {Why health is not special: errors in evolved bioethics intuitions.},
journal = {Social philosophy & policy},
volume = {19},
number = {2},
pages = {153-179},
doi = {10.1017/s0265052502192077},
pmid = {12678086},
issn = {0265-0525},
mesh = {Animals ; Attitude to Health ; Bayes Theorem ; Bioethics ; Biological Evolution ; Delivery of Health Care/economics/*ethics ; Ethics ; Gift Giving ; Health ; *Health Behavior ; Health Expenditures ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; *Intuition ; *Morals ; Mortality ; National Health Programs ; Paternalism ; Philosophy ; Placebos ; Preventive Medicine ; Social Class ; Sociobiology ; },
}

Animals
Attitude to Health
Bayes Theorem
Bioethics
Biological Evolution
Delivery of Health Care/economics/*ethics
Ethics
Gift Giving
Health
*Health Behavior
Health Expenditures
Health Policy
Humans
Interpersonal Relations
*Intuition
*Morals
Mortality
National Health Programs
Paternalism
Philosophy
Placebos
Preventive Medicine
Social Class
Sociobiology

@article {pmid12737658,
year = {2003},
author = {Kronauer, DJ and Gadau, J and Hölldobler, B},
title = {Genetic evidence for intra- and interspecific slavery in honey ants (genus Myrmecocystus).},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {270},
number = {1517},
pages = {805-810},
pmid = {12737658},
issn = {0962-8452},
mesh = {Animals ; Ants/*classification/genetics/*physiology ; Genetic Markers/genetics ; Heredity ; Inbreeding ; Mitochondria/genetics ; Reproduction ; *Social Dominance ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {The New World honey ant species Myrmecocystus mimicus is well known for its highly stereotyped territorial tournaments, and for the raids on conspecific nests that can lead to intraspecific slavery. Our results from mitochondrial and nuclear markers show that the raided brood emerges in the raiding colony and is subsequently incorporated into the colony's worker force. We also found enslaved conspecifics in a second honey ant species, M. depilis, the sister taxon of M. mimicus, which occurs in sympatry with M. mimicus at the study site. Colonies of this species furthermore contained raided M. mimicus workers. Both species have an effective mating frequency that is not significantly different from 1. This study provides genetic evidence for facultative intra- and interspecific slavery in the genus Myrmecocystus. Slavery in ants has evolved repeatedly and supposedly by different means. We propose that, in honey ants, secondary contact between two closely related species that both exhibit intraspecific slavery gave rise to an early form of facultative interspecific slavery.},
}

Animals
Ants/*classification/genetics/*physiology
Genetic Markers/genetics
Heredity
Inbreeding
Mitochondria/genetics
Reproduction
*Social Dominance
Species Specificity

@article {pmid12764481,
year = {2003},
author = {Cardoso, MH and Castiel, LD},
title = {[Collective health, the new genetics, and market eugenics].},
journal = {Cadernos de saude publica},
volume = {19},
number = {2},
pages = {653-662},
doi = {10.1590/s0102-311x2003000200032},
pmid = {12764481},
issn = {0102-311X},
mesh = {Bioethics ; *Eugenics ; Genetics ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; *Public Health ; Sociobiology ; },
abstract = {Due to constant advances in genetic manipulation, the field of public health is faced with the possible emergence of a reductionist genomic emphasis, beyond socio-cultural influences. Under such circumstances, the main focus of public health interventions would shift towards a genomic approach to "individuals" and their "families", to the detriment of their consecrated object - "populations", thereby moving away from the current central priority of efforts (and resources) aimed at reducing ill-health due to socioeconomic inequalities. Even admitting the benefits of genetic knowledge, a new eugenic practice may emerge from the availability of genetic tests on the marketplace aimed at individuals that can afford to consume them.},
}

Bioethics
*Eugenics
Genetics
Genome, Human
Humans
*Public Health
Sociobiology

@article {pmid12771160,
year = {2003},
author = {Thom, C},
title = {The tremble dance of honey bees can be caused by hive-external foraging experience.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {206},
number = {Pt 13},
pages = {2111-2116},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.00398},
pmid = {12771160},
issn = {0022-0949},
mesh = {*Animal Communication ; Animals ; Bees/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/*physiology ; Flight, Animal/*physiology ; },
abstract = {The tremble dance of honey bee nectar foragers is part of the communication system that regulates a colony's foraging efficiency. A forager that returns to the hive with nectar, but then experiences a long unloading delay because she has difficulty finding a nectar receiver bee, will perform a tremble dance to recruit additional nectar receiver bees. A forager that experiences a short unloading delay will perform a waggle dance to recruit more nectar foragers. A long unloading delay was until now the only known cause of tremble dancing. However, several studies suggested that factors at the food source may also cause tremble dancing. Here I test whether one of these factors, crowding of nectar foragers at the food source, stimulates tremble dancing because it causes long unloading delays. To do so, I increased the density of nectar foragers at a food source by suddenly reducing the size of an artificial feeder, and recorded the unloading delay experienced by each forager, as well as the dance she performed, if any. A forager's unloading delay was measured as the time interval between entering the hive and either (1) the first unloading contact with a nectar receiver bee, or (2) the start of the first dance, if dancing began before the first unloading contact. I also recorded the unloading delays and dances of nectar foragers that returned from natural food sources. The results show that crowding of nectar foragers at the food source increases the probability of tremble dancing, but does not cause long unloading delays, and that tremble dancers that foraged at natural food sources also often have short unloading delays. When the cause of the tremble dance is not a low supply of nectar receiver bees, the tremble dance may have a function in addition to the recruitment of nectar receiver bees.},
}

*Animal Communication
Animals
Bees/*physiology
Feeding Behavior/*physiology
Flight, Animal/*physiology

@article {pmid12846516,
year = {2003},
author = {Greitemeyer, T and Rudolph, U and Weiner, B},
title = {Whom would you rather help: an acquaintance not responsible for her plight or a responsible sibling?.},
journal = {The Journal of social psychology},
volume = {143},
number = {3},
pages = {331-340},
doi = {10.1080/00224540309598448},
pmid = {12846516},
issn = {0022-4545},
mesh = {Adult ; Biological Evolution ; Female ; *Helping Behavior ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Male ; *Siblings ; *Social Responsibility ; },
abstract = {When 2 persons--an acquaintance who could not have avoided a problem and a close relative who is responsible for her own plight--ask for help, attribution theory and sociobiology conflict about who will receive help. Attribution theorists assume that the nonresponsible acquaintance will be supported, but sociobiologists argue that the responsible sibling will receive help. The authors tested the hypothesis that characteristics of the situation affect which theory better predicts help giving. The results confirmed that in situations that do not affect life and death, a nonresponsible acquaintance would receive more help than a responsible sibling. But in life-or-death situations, inasmuch as the reproductive fitness of the person in need is in danger, a responsible sibling would be supported more than a nonresponsible acquaintance.},
}

Adult
Biological Evolution
Female
*Helping Behavior
Humans
Life Change Events
Male
*Siblings
*Social Responsibility

@article {pmid12870633,
year = {2003},
author = {Badcott, D},
title = {The basis and relevance of emotional dignity.},
journal = {Medicine, health care, and philosophy},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {123-131},
pmid = {12870633},
issn = {1386-7423},
mesh = {Aged ; Biological Evolution ; Cognitive Dissonance ; *Emotions ; Empathy ; Europe ; Humans ; *Interpersonal Relations ; *Morals ; Personhood ; Selection, Genetic ; Self Concept ; *Social Perception ; Social Values ; Sociobiology ; *Vulnerable Populations ; },
abstract = {The paper is a preliminary examination of the origin and role of psychological perception or "feeling" of dignity in human beings. Following Ayala's naturalistic account of morality, a sense of emotional dignity is seen as an outcome of processes of natural selection, cultural evolution, and above all a need for social inclusion. It is suggested that the existence of emotional dignity as part of a human species-related continuum provides an explanation of why we treat those in a persistent vegetative state, the severely and hopelessly mentally impaired, the senile demented, cadavers and archaeological remains with dignity and respect. For older Europeans, dissonance between physical and mental abilities, unfamiliarity with social and cultural changes and relative proximity to death may influence their emotional dignity and hence vulnerability.},
}

Aged
Biological Evolution
Cognitive Dissonance
*Emotions
Empathy
Europe
Humans
*Interpersonal Relations
*Morals
Personhood
Selection, Genetic
Self Concept
*Social Perception
Social Values
Sociobiology
*Vulnerable Populations

@article {pmid12875823,
year = {2003},
author = {Amdam, GV and Omholt, SW},
title = {The hive bee to forager transition in honeybee colonies: the double repressor hypothesis.},
journal = {Journal of theoretical biology},
volume = {223},
number = {4},
pages = {451-464},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5193(03)00121-8},
pmid = {12875823},
issn = {0022-5193},
mesh = {Aging ; Animals ; Bees/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Central Nervous System/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Models, Biological ; *Social Behavior ; Starvation ; },
abstract = {In summer, the honeybee (Apis mellifera) worker population consists of two temporal castes, a hive bee group performing a multitude of tasks including nursing inside the nest, and a forager group specialized on collecting nectar, pollen, water and propolis. Elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the hive bee to forager transition holds a prominent position within present day sociobiology. Here we suggest a new explanation dubbed the "double repressor hypothesis" aimed to account for the substantial amount of empirical data in this field. This is the first time where both the regular transition and starvation-induced precocious transition are explained within the same regulatory framework. We suggest that the transition is under regulatory control by an internal and an external repressor of the allatoregulatory central nervous system, where these two repressors modulate a positive regulatory feedback loop involving juvenile hormone (JH) and the lipoprotein vitellogenin. The concepts of age-neutrality, fixed and variable response thresholds and reinforcement are integral parts of our explanation, and in addition they are given explicit physiological content. The hypothesis is represented by a differential equations model at the level of the individual bee, and by a discrete individual-based colony model. The two models generate predictions in accordance with empirical data concerning the cumulative probability of becoming a forager, mean age at onset of foraging, reversal of foragers, time window of reversal, relationship between JH titre and onset of foraging, relative representations of genotypic groups, and effects of forager depletion and confinement.},
}

Aging
Animals
Bees/*physiology
Behavior, Animal/*physiology
Central Nervous System/*physiology
Feeding Behavior
Models, Biological
*Social Behavior
Starvation

@article {pmid14012344,
year = {1962},
author = {ALTMANN, SA},
title = {A field study of the sociobiology of rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta.},
journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
volume = {102},
number = {},
pages = {338-435},
doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb13650.x},
pmid = {14012344},
issn = {0077-8923},
mesh = {Animals ; *Behavior ; *Haplorhini ; *Macaca mulatta ; *Sexual Behavior ; *Sociobiology ; },
}

Animals
*Behavior
*Haplorhini
*Macaca mulatta
*Sexual Behavior
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid14442812,
year = {1959},
author = {SCHINZEL, A},
title = {[Sociobiological consequences of the overloading of the family].},
journal = {Medizinische Klinik},
volume = {54},
number = {},
pages = {1775-1778},
pmid = {14442812},
issn = {0025-8458},
mesh = {*Family ; *Mental Disorders ; *Sociobiology ; *Sociology ; *Stress, Physiological ; },
}

*Family
*Mental Disorders
*Sociobiology
*Sociology
*Stress, Physiological

@article {pmid14533019,
year = {2003},
author = {Palmer, CT and Thornhill, R},
title = {Straw men and fairy tales: Evaluating reactions to A Natural History of Rape.},
journal = {Journal of sex research},
volume = {40},
number = {3},
pages = {249-255},
doi = {10.1080/00224490309552189},
pmid = {14533019},
issn = {0022-4499},
mesh = {*Attitude ; Coitus/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Insemination ; Judgment ; Literature, Modern ; Male ; Metaphor ; Psychopathology ; *Rape/psychology ; Sociobiology ; United States ; *Violence/psychology ; },
abstract = {In this paper we respond to two frequent criticisms of our book, A Natural History of Rape (Thornhill & Palmer, 2000). The first criticism portrays the book as little more than a "just-so story" that human rape is an adaptation. We demonstrate that this portrayal is not accurate. The second criticism reflects a common response to the book s challenge of the popular assertion that rapists are not motivated by sexual desire but instead commit these crimes motivated by the urge to power, domination, and violence, and the urge to degrade and humiliate women. We demonstrate that such criticisms of our book are inherently contradictory and illogical. We believe it is important for sex researchers to understand that these sorts of criticisms are seriously flawed so that future research efforts toward understanding the causes of sexual coercion are not stalled.},
}

*Attitude
Coitus/psychology
Female
Humans
Insemination
Judgment
Literature, Modern
Male
Metaphor
Psychopathology
*Rape/psychology
Sociobiology
United States
*Violence/psychology

@article {pmid14598995,
year = {2003},
author = {Biglan, A},
title = {Selection by consequences: one unifying principle for a transdisciplinary science of prevention.},
journal = {Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research},
volume = {4},
number = {4},
pages = {213-232},
pmid = {14598995},
issn = {1389-4986},
support = {BCS 960 1236/BC/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; CA38273/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; CA86169/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; DA12202/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Behavioral Sciences ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/*prevention & control ; Parenting ; Selection, Genetic ; Sociobiology ; },
abstract = {The principle of selection by consequences is critical to the analysis of a broad range of phenomena in the biological and behavioral sciences from the evolution of species to the selection of cultural practices. This paper reviews the role of that principle in diverse areas of the biobehavioral sciences and discusses how it can provide one dimension along which the diverse disciplines relevant to the prevention of problems of human behavior can be integrated. Such integration should improve the ability of prevention science to reduce the incidence and prevalence of human behavior problems.},
}

*Behavioral Sciences
Humans
Mental Disorders/*prevention & control
Parenting
Selection, Genetic
Sociobiology

@article {pmid14602943,
year = {2001},
author = {Barinaga, M},
title = {Life extension--our salvation or our ruin?.},
journal = {Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE},
volume = {2001},
number = {1},
pages = {ns1},
doi = {10.1126/sageke.2001.1.ns1},
pmid = {14602943},
issn = {1539-6150},
mesh = {Aging/ethics ; *Ethics ; Humans ; *Life Expectancy ; Sociobiology ; },
}

Aging/ethics
*Ethics
Humans
*Life Expectancy
Sociobiology

@article {pmid14609390,
year = {2003},
author = {Millon, T},
title = {It's time to rework the blueprints: building a science for clinical psychology.},
journal = {The American psychologist},
volume = {58},
number = {11},
pages = {949-961},
doi = {10.1037/0003-066X.58.11.949},
pmid = {14609390},
issn = {0003-066X},
mesh = {Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; *Models, Psychological ; Psychology, Clinical/*trends ; Psychotherapy/*trends ; Social Behavior ; },
abstract = {The aims in this article are to connect the conceptual structure of clinical psychological science to what the author believes to be the omnipresent principles of evolution, use the evolutionary model to create a deductively derived clinical theory and taxonomy, link the theory and taxonomy to comprehensive and integrated approaches to assessment, and outline a framework for an integrative synergistic model of psychotherapy. These foundations also provide a framework for a systematic approach to the subject realms of personology and psychopathology. Exploring nature's deep principles, the model revives the personologic concept christened by Henry Murray some 65 years ago; it also parallels the interface between human social functioning and evolutionary biology proposed by Edward Wilson in his concept of sociobiology.},
}

Biological Evolution
Humans
Interpersonal Relations
*Models, Psychological
Psychology, Clinical/*trends
Psychotherapy/*trends
Social Behavior

@article {pmid14738082,
year = {2003},
author = {Jianhui, L and Fan, H},
title = {Science as ideology: the rejection and reception of sociobiology in China.},
journal = {Journal of the history of biology},
volume = {36},
number = {3},
pages = {567-578},
doi = {10.1023/b:hist.0000004580.34274.78},
pmid = {14738082},
issn = {0022-5010},
mesh = {Biology/*history ; China ; *Historiography ; History, 20th Century ; Philosophy/*history ; Science/*history ; United States ; },
abstract = {The spread of sociobiology in China is not simply an internal event in the development of science. From the day it was introduced to China, its destiny was closely bound up with the development and change of Chinese society. Although it did not create as great disturbance as in America, it did have a significant impact in academic circles. However, scholars have paid little attention to these historical events. Today, sociobiology seems outdated and Wilson's grand agenda seems to have faded with the passing of time, but the mark that he made on the history of science is still striking. A review of the process of reception of sociobiology in China is helpful for understanding this theory as well as the society of China.},
}

Biology/*history
China
*Historiography
History, 20th Century
Philosophy/*history
Science/*history
United States

@article {pmid15008660,
year = {2004},
author = {Keefe, FJ and Blumenthal, JA},
title = {Health psychology: what will the future bring?.},
journal = {Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {156-157},
doi = {10.1037/0278-6133.23.2.156},
pmid = {15008660},
issn = {0278-6133},
mesh = {Behavioral Medicine/*trends ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Mental Health Services/organization & administration ; Population Dynamics ; Sociobiology ; Systems Integration ; United States ; },
abstract = {This commentary highlights several important themes and trends in this series of articles focusing on the future of health psychology. First, the challenges posed by changes in populations will only be met if health psychologists can develop a contextual competency. Second, with increasing evidence for the efficacy of health psychology interventions comes heightened interest in testing the effectiveness of these interventions. Third, issues of cost-effectiveness of health psychology will become increasingly important. Fourth, the growing integration of technological advances (e.g., telehealth, the Internet) into health psychology has major implications. Finally, the numerous changes outlined in this series of articles will demand that health psychologists extend and refine their theoretical models including the biopsychosocial model.},
}

Behavioral Medicine/*trends
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Evidence-Based Medicine
Forecasting
Humans
Mental Disorders/therapy
Mental Health Services/organization & administration
Population Dynamics
Sociobiology
Systems Integration
United States

@article {pmid15024125,
year = {2004},
author = {Groh, C and Tautz, J and Rössler, W},
title = {Synaptic organization in the adult honey bee brain is influenced by brood-temperature control during pupal development.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {101},
number = {12},
pages = {4268-4273},
pmid = {15024125},
issn = {0027-8424},
mesh = {Animals ; Bees/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Pupa/growth & development ; Synapses/*metabolism ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {Recent studies have shown that the behavioral performance of adult honey bees is influenced by the temperature experienced during pupal development. Here we explore whether there are temperature-mediated effects on the brain. We raised pupae at different constant temperatures between 29 and 37 degrees C and performed neuroanatomical analyses of the adult brains. Analyses focused on sensory-input regions in the mushroom bodies, brain areas associated with higher-order processing such as learning and memory. Distinct synaptic complexes [microglomeruli (MG)] within the mushroom body calyces were visualized by using fluorophore-conjugated phalloidin and an antibody to synapsin. The numbers of MG were different in bees that had been raised at different temperatures, and these differences persisted after the first week of adult life. In the olfactory-input region (lip), MG numbers were highest in bees raised at the temperature normally maintained in brood cells (34.5 degrees C) and significantly decreased in bees raised at 1 degrees C below and above this norm. Interestingly, in the neighboring visual-input region (collar), MG numbers were less affected by temperature. We conclude that thermoregulatory control of brood rearing can generate area- and modality-specific effects on synaptic neuropils in the adult brain. We propose that resulting differences in the synaptic circuitry may affect neuronal plasticity and may underlie temperature-mediated effects on multimodal communication and learning.},
}

Animals
Bees/*anatomy & histology/growth & development
Brain/*anatomy & histology/growth & development
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Pupa/growth & development
Synapses/*metabolism
Temperature

@article {pmid15045707,
year = {2003},
author = {Ekman, P},
title = {Emotions inside out. 130 Years after Darwin's "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animal".},
journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
volume = {1000},
number = {},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1196/annals.1280.002},
pmid = {15045707},
issn = {0077-8923},
mesh = {Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Emotions ; History, 19th Century ; Humans ; *Nonverbal Communication ; Psychology, Comparative/*history ; Sociobiology/*history ; },
}

Animals
Biological Evolution
*Emotions
History, 19th Century
Humans
*Nonverbal Communication
Psychology, Comparative/*history
Sociobiology/*history

@article {pmid15065920,
year = {2004},
author = {Kanazawa, S},
title = {General intelligence as a domain-specific adaptation.},
journal = {Psychological review},
volume = {111},
number = {2},
pages = {512-523},
doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.111.2.512},
pmid = {15065920},
issn = {0033-295X},
mesh = {*Adaptation, Psychological ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; },
abstract = {General intelligence (g) poses a problem for evolutionary psychology's modular view of the human brain. The author advances a new evolutionary psychological theory of the evolution of general intelligence and argues that general intelligence evolved as a domain-specific adaptation for the originally limited sphere of evolutionary novelty in the ancestral environment. It has accidentally become universally important merely because we now live in an evolutionarily novel world. The available data seem to support the author's contention that intelligent people can solve problems better than less intelligent people only if the problems are evolutionarily novel, and they have no advantage in solving evolutionarily familiar problems. This perspective can also solve some empirical anomalies, such as the "central theoretical problem of human sociobiology" (D. R. Vining, 1986, p. 167) and the geographic distribution of general intelligence throughout the world.},
}

*Adaptation, Psychological
Humans
*Intelligence

@article {pmid15066420,
year = {2004},
author = {Castro, L and Toro, MA},
title = {Mutual benefit can promote the evolution of preferential interactions and in this way can lead to the evolution of true altruism.},
journal = {Theoretical population biology},
volume = {65},
number = {3},
pages = {239-247},
doi = {10.1016/j.tpb.2004.01.003},
pmid = {15066420},
issn = {0040-5809},
mesh = {Alleles ; *Altruism ; *Biological Evolution ; Computer Simulation ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Gene Frequency ; *Genetic Phenomena ; Humans ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Models, Genetic ; Models, Statistical ; Population Dynamics ; *Sociobiology ; },
abstract = {We analyse the evolution of the assortment of encounters through active choice of companions among individuals that interact cooperatively in a situation of mutual benefit. Using a simple mathematical model, we show that mutual benefit can favour the evolution of a preference to interact with individuals that are similar to themselves with respect to an arbitrary tag even when both the preference and the tag depend on two independent and unlinked genes. Two necessary requisites to obtain this result are: (i) a small population or a large subdivided metapulation and (ii) an asymmetry between partners in such a way that one of them (donor) proposes the cooperation and elects the partner, whereas the other (receiver) never rejects the offer. We also show that mutual benefit can be the starting point for the evolution of altruistic behaviours as long as there are preferential interactions. This requires that the tag used in the election of partners is the altruistic or selfish behaviour itself.},
}

Alleles
*Altruism
*Biological Evolution
Computer Simulation
*Cooperative Behavior
Gene Frequency
*Genetic Phenomena
Humans
*Interpersonal Relations
Linkage Disequilibrium
Models, Genetic
Models, Statistical
Population Dynamics
*Sociobiology

@article {pmid15160975,
year = {2004},
author = {Wallace, R and Wallace, D and Wallace, RG},
title = {Coronary heart disease, chronic inflammation, and pathogenic social hierarchy: a biological limit to possible reductions in morbidity and mortality.},
journal = {Journal of the National Medical Association},
volume = {96},
number = {5},
pages = {609-619},
pmid = {15160975},
issn = {0027-9684},
support = {I-P50-ES09600-05/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Acculturation ; Black or African American/ethnology/genetics ; Central Nervous System/immunology ; Chronic Disease ; Coronary Disease/*ethnology/genetics/immunology ; *Hierarchy, Social ; Humans ; Inflammation/complications/*ethnology/genetics/immunology ; *Prejudice ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sociobiology ; Sociology, Medical ; },
abstract = {We suggest that a particular form of social hierarchy, which we characterize as "pathogenic", can, from the earliest stages of life, exert a formal analog to evolutionary selection pressure, literally writing a permanent developmental image of itself upon immune function as chronic vascular inflammation and its consequences. The staged nature of resulting disease emerges "naturally" as a rough analog to punctuated equilibrium in evolutionary theory, although selection pressure is a passive filter rather than an active agent, like structured psychosocial stress. Exposure differs according to the social constructs of race, class, and ethnicity, accounting in large measure for observed population-level differences in rates of coronary heart disease across industrialized societies. American Apartheid, which enmeshes both majority and minority communities in a social construct of pathogenic hierarchy, appears to present a severe biological limit to continuing declines in coronary heart disease for powerful as well as subordinate subgroups: "Culture"--to use the words of the evolutionary anthropologist Robert Boyd--"is as much a part of human biology as the enamel on our teeth".},
}

Acculturation
Black or African American/ethnology/genetics
Central Nervous System/immunology
Chronic Disease
Coronary Disease/*ethnology/genetics/immunology
*Hierarchy, Social
Humans
Inflammation/complications/*ethnology/genetics/immunology
*Prejudice
Selection, Genetic
*Sociobiology
Sociology, Medical

@article {pmid15164937,
year = {2004},
author = {Van de Putte, B and Matthijs, K and Vlietinck, R},
title = {A social component in the negative effect of sons on maternal longevity in pre-industrial humans.},
journal = {Journal of biosocial science},
volume = {36},
number = {3},
pages = {289-297},
doi = {10.1017/s0021932003006266},
pmid = {15164937},
issn = {0021-9320},
mesh = {Belgium ; Competitive Behavior ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Longevity/*immunology ; Male ; Maternal Welfare/*history ; *Nuclear Family ; Social Class ; Sociobiology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Testosterone/adverse effects ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Due to their effect on maternal testosterone levels, sons are said to have reduced maternal longevity in pre-industrial humans. This analysis, using information from a Flemish agricultural village in the 18th-20th centuries, confirms the presence of a negative effect of sons on maternal longevity. However, the effect is mainly observed for mothers belonging to the least privileged social group and for sons surviving their fifth birthday. Both findings make the above-mentioned biological explanation relative. However, a plausible alternative, social interpretation is male-dominated intra-household resource competition. It is reasonable to assume that only sons above a certain age are able to claim a serious amount of resources and that competition is strongest within the least privileged social group.},
}

Belgium
Competitive Behavior
Family Characteristics
Female
History, 18th Century
History, 19th Century
History, 20th Century
Humans
Immune Tolerance
Longevity/*immunology
Male
Maternal Welfare/*history
*Nuclear Family
Social Class
Sociobiology
Socioeconomic Factors
Testosterone/adverse effects
Time Factors

@article {pmid15164940,
year = {2004},
author = {Thienpont, K and Verleye, G},
title = {Cognitive ability and occupational status in a British cohort.},
journal = {Journal of biosocial science},
volume = {36},
number = {3},
pages = {333-349},
doi = {10.1017/s0021932003006229},
pmid = {15164940},
issn = {0021-9320},
mesh = {Achievement ; Aptitude/*classification ; Child ; Child Development ; *Cognition ; Employment/*statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Intelligence/genetics ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Occupations ; Social Mobility/*statistics & numerical data ; Sociobiology ; United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {The relation between individual trait differences, social mobility and social structure is central to social biology. Because genetic variance underlies phenotypic variance in some of these traits, for example IQ, several mechanisms determine the population variance. Polygenic inheritance is the basic mechanism. Social mobility and assortative partner choice distribute the trait variance within generations. This feedback circle is constrained by sociological conditions at several levels of analysis. Fundamental to this theory of social assortment is the relation between social-biological traits and social class on the one hand, and these traits and social mobility on the other hand. The focus here is on the relation between social class, social mobility and cognitive ability. The National Child Development Study is drawn upon, including the last follow-up (1999-2000). By approaching this relationship through various methods, both social-biological and sociological aspects of this research question can be assessed.},
}

Achievement
Aptitude/*classification
Child
Child Development
*Cognition
Employment/*statistics & numerical data
Female
Genetic Variation
Humans
Intelligence/genetics
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Occupations
Social Mobility/*statistics & numerical data
Sociobiology
United Kingdom

@article {pmid15186826,
year = {2004},
author = {Kronauer, DJ and Hölldobler, B and Gadau, J},
title = {Phylogenetics of the new world honey ants (genus Myrmecocystus) estimated from mitochondrial DNA sequences.},
journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
pages = {416-421},
doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2004.03.011},
pmid = {15186826},
issn = {1055-7903},
mesh = {Algorithms ; Animals ; Ants/classification/*genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; },
}

Algorithms
Animals
Ants/classification/*genetics
DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics
Evolution, Molecular
Phylogeny
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Species Specificity

@article {pmid15205063,
year = {2004},
author = {Brody, S},
title = {Slimness is associated with greater intercourse and lesser masturbation frequency.},
journal = {Journal of sex & marital therapy},
volume = {30},
number = {4},
pages = {251-261},
doi = {10.1080/00926230490422368},
pmid = {15205063},
issn = {0092-623X},
mesh = {Adult ; *Body Constitution ; *Coitus/psychology ; Female ; Germany ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; *Masturbation/epidemiology/psychology ; Obesity/*complications/psychology ; Personal Satisfaction ; *Self Concept ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; },
abstract = {I examined the relationship of recalled and diary recorded frequency of penile-vaginal intercourse (FSI), noncoital partnered sexual activity, and masturbation to measured waist and hip circumference in 120 healthy adults aged 19-38. Slimmer waist (in men and in the sexes combined) and slimmer hips (in men and women) were associated with greater FSI. Slimmer waist and hips were associated with rated importance of intercourse for men. Noncoital partnered sexual activity had a less consistent association with slimness. Slimmer waist and hips were associated with less masturbation (in men and in the sexes combined). I discuss the results in terms of differences between different sexual behaviors, attractiveness, emotional relatedness, physical sensitivity, sexual dysfunction, sociobiology, psychopharmacological aspects of excess fat and carbohydrate consumption, and implications for sex therapy.},
}

Adult
*Body Constitution
*Coitus/psychology
Female
Germany
Humans
Interpersonal Relations
Male
*Masturbation/epidemiology/psychology
Obesity/*complications/psychology
Personal Satisfaction
*Self Concept
Surveys and Questionnaires

@article {pmid15232949,
year = {2004},
author = {Sachs, JL and Mueller, UG and Wilcox, TP and Bull, JJ},
title = {The evolution of cooperation.},
journal = {The Quarterly review of biology},
volume = {79},
number = {2},
pages = {135-160},
doi = {10.1086/383541},
pmid = {15232949},
issn = {0033-5770},
support = {57756//PHS HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Algorithms ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Computational Biology ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sociobiology ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Darwin recognized that natural selection could not favor a trait in one species solely for the benefit of another species. The modern, selfish-gene view of the world suggests that cooperation between individuals, whether of the same species or different species, should be especially vulnerable to the evolution of noncooperators. Yet, cooperation is prevalent in nature both within and between species. What special circumstances or mechanisms thus favor cooperation? Currently, evolutionary biology offers a set of disparate explanations, and a general framework for this breadth of models has not emerged. Here, we offer a tripartite structure that links previously disconnected views of cooperation. We distinguish three general models by which cooperation can evolve and be maintained: (i) directed reciprocation--cooperation with individuals who give in return; (ii) shared genes--cooperation with relatives (e.g., kin selection); and (iii) byproduct benefits--cooperation as an incidental consequence of selfish action. Each general model is further subdivided. Several renowned examples of cooperation that have lacked explanation until recently--plant-rhizobium symbioses and bacteria-squid light organs--fit squarely within this framework. Natural systems of cooperation often involve more than one model, and a fruitful direction for future research is to understand how these models interact to maintain cooperation in the long term.},
}

Algorithms
Animals
*Biological Evolution
Computational Biology
*Cooperative Behavior
Humans
Models, Biological
Selection, Genetic
*Sociobiology
Symbiosis

@article {pmid15293515,
year = {2003},
author = {Allhoff, F},
title = {Evolutionary ethics from Darwin to Moore.},
journal = {History and philosophy of the life sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {51-79},
doi = {10.1080/03919710312331272945},
pmid = {15293515},
issn = {0391-9714},
mesh = {*Biological Evolution ; Dissent and Disputes/*history ; Ethics/*history ; Happiness ; History, 19th Century ; Humans ; *Morals ; Selection, Genetic ; },
abstract = {Evolutionary ethics has a long history, dating all the way back to Charles Darwin. Almost immediately after the publication of the Origin, an immense interest arose in the moral implications of Darwinism and whether the truth of Darwinism would undermine traditional ethics. Though the biological thesis was certainly exciting, nobody suspected that the impact of the Origin would be confined to the scientific arena. As one historian wrote, 'whether or not ancient populations of armadillos were transformed into the species that currently inhabit the new world was certainly a topic about which zoologists could disagree. But it was in discussing the broader implications of the theory...that tempers flared and statements were made which could transform what otherwise would have been a quiet scholarly meeting into a social scandal' (Farber 1994, 22). Some resistance to the biological thesis of Darwinism sprung from the thought that it was incompatible with traditional morality and, since one of them had to go, many thought that Darwinism should be rejected. However, some people did realize that a secular ethics was possible so, even if Darwinism did undermine traditional religious beliefs, it need not have any effects on moral thought. Before I begin my discussion of evolutionary ethics from Darwin to Moore, I would like to make some more general remarks about its development. There are three key events during this history of evolutionary ethics. First, Charles Darwin published On the Origin of the Species (Darwin 1859). Since one did not have a fully developed theory of evolution until 1859, there exists little work on evolutionary ethics until then. Shortly thereafter, Herbert Spencer (1898) penned the first systematic theory of evolutionary ethics, which was promptly attacked by T.H. Huxley (Huxley 1894). Second, at about the turn of the century, moral philosophers entered the fray and attempted to demonstrate logical errors in Spencer's work; such errors were alluded to but never fully brought to the fore by Huxley. These philosophers were the well known moralists from Cambridge: Henry Sidgwick (Sidgwick 1902, 1907) and G.E. Moore (Moore 1903), though their ideas hearkened back to David Hume (Hume 1960). These criticisms were so strong that the industry of evolutionary ethics was largely abandoned (though with some exceptions) for many years. Third, E.O. Wilson, a Harvard entomologist, published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis in 1975 (Wilson E.O. 1975), which sparked renewed interest in evolutionary ethics and offered new directions of investigation. These events suggest the following stages for the history of evolutionary ethics: development, criticism and abandonment, revival. In this paper, I shall focus on the first two stages, since those are the ones on which the philosophical merits have already been largely decided. The revival stage is still in progress and we shall eventually find out whether it was a success.},
}

*Biological Evolution
Dissent and Disputes/*history
Ethics/*history
Happiness
History, 19th Century
Humans
*Morals
Selection, Genetic

@article {pmid15336678,
year = {2004},
author = {Thompson, GJ and Oldroyd, BP},
title = {Evaluating alternative hypotheses for the origin of eusociality in corbiculate bees.},
journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
volume = {33},
number = {2},
pages = {452-456},
doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2004.06.016},
pmid = {15336678},
issn = {1055-7903},
mesh = {Animals ; Bees/*classification/*genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Cytochromes b/genetics ; Likelihood Functions ; *Phylogeny ; Reproduction/genetics ; *Social Behavior ; Sociobiology ; },
abstract = {We use a likelihood-based statistical test to evaluate the extent to which the available molecular data sets can be used to falsify alternative phylogenetic hypotheses describing the inter-relationship among corbiculate bee tribes. Based on the results of this test, we explore three alternative models of behavioural character state evolution and evaluate the support each model has for single-origin versus dual-origin hypotheses for 'highly' eusocial behaviour. We show that only one of four data sets could statistically reject any of the 15 possible outgroup-rooted phylogenetic hypotheses. However, a cytochrome b data set rejected all but three alternative topologies. Using this information, a simple model of behavioural character state evolution, in which transitions between solitary/communal, 'primitively' eusocial, and 'highly' eusocial are unconstrained, supports single-origin hypotheses for 'highly' eusocial behaviour, in spite of phylogenetic uncertainty. By contrast, an ordered model, in which 'highly' eusocial is constrained to be an evolutionarily terminal state, supports a dual-origins hypothesis. Our results show that the molecular phylogenetic evidence favouring a dual-origins hypothesis for 'highly' eusocial behaviour is, at present, conditional on information from one gene (cyt b) and on specific, though likely realistic, assumptions regarding the nature of eusocial evolution.},
}